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Systems of Equations
Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions with Different Denominators
Graphing Linear Equations
Raising an Exponential Expression to a Power
Horizontal Line Test
Quadratic Equations
Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions
Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square
Solving Exponential Equations
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Factorizing simple expressions
Identifying Prime and Composite Numbers
Solving Linear Systems of Equations by Graphing
Complex Conjugates
Graphing Compound Inequalities
Simplified Form of a Square Root
Solving Quadratic Equations Using the Square Root Property
Multiplication Property of Radicals
Determining if a Function has an Inverse
Scientific Notation
Degree of a Polynomial
Factoring Polynomials by Grouping
Solving Linear Systems of Equations
Exponential Functions
Factoring Trinomials by Grouping
The Slope of a Line
Simplifying Complex Fractions That Contain Addition or Subtraction
Solving Absolute Value Equations
Solving Right Triangles
Solving Rational Inequalities with a Sign Graph
Domain and Range of a Function
Multiplying Polynomials
Slope of a Line
Inequalities
Multiplying Rational Expressions
Percent of Change
Equations Involving Fractions or Decimals
Simplifying Expressions Containing only Monomials
Solving Inequalities
Quadratic Equations with Imaginary Solutions
Reducing Fractions to Lowest Terms
Prime and Composite Numbers
Dividing with Exponents
Dividing Rational Expressions
Equivalent Fractions
Graphing Quadratic Functions
Polynomials
Linear Equations and Inequalities in One Variable
Notes on the Difference of 2 Squares
Solving Absolute Value Inequalities
Solving Quadratic Equations
Factoring Polynomials Completely
Using Slopes to Graph Lines
Fractions, Decimals and Percents
Solving Systems of Equations by Substitution
Quotient Rule for Radicals
Prime Polynomials
Solving Nonlinear Equations by Substitution
Simplifying Radical Expressions Containing One Term
Factoring a Sum or Difference of Two Cubes
Finding the Least Common Denominator of Rational Expressions
Conjugates
Multiplying Rational Expressions
Expansion of a Product of Binomials
Solving Equations
Exponential Growth
Factoring by Grouping
Solving One-Step Equations Using Models
Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
Rationalizing the Denominator
Rounding Off
The Distributive Property
What is a Quadratic Equation
Laws of Exponents and Multiplying Monomials
The Slope of a Line
Factoring Trinomials by Grouping
Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
Solving Linear Inequalities
Multiplication Property of Exponents
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions 3
Formulas
Dividing Monomials
Multiplying Polynomials
Adding and Subtracting Functions
Dividing Polynomials
Absolute Value and Distance
Multiplication and Division with Mixed Numbers
Factoring a Polynomial by Finding the GCF
Roots
Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
The Rectangular Coordinate System
Polar Form of a Complex Number
Exponents and Order of Operations
Graphing Horizontal and Vertical Lines
Invariants Under Rotation
The Addition Method
Solving Linear Inequalities in One Variable
The Pythagorean Theorem
 
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Exponents and Order of Operations

1. Exponents:

An exponent is a number that indicates how many times the base is to be used as a factor. Exponents indicate repeated multiplication.

The base is the number that is multiplied.

Ex: Identify the base and the exponent: 2 3

Two is the base and three is the exponent.

 

2. Zero exponent:

Any number other than 0 raised to the zero power is 1.

 

3. Order of operations:

When evaluating mathematical expressions, we will perform operations in the following order:

First: If the expression contains grouping symbols, such as parenthesis (), brackets [ ], braces { }, or a fraction bar, then we perform the operations inside the grouping symbols, or above and below the fraction bar, first.

Second: Evaluate, or simplify, any numbers with exponents.

Third: Do all multiplications and divisions in order from left to right.

Fourth: Do all additions and subtractions in order from left to right.

Ex: Simplify. 2 + 3•5

2 + 3•5   (operations of addition and multiplication are present)
   = 2 + 15 (perform multiplication first)
   = 17 (perform addition second)

 

 b. 3 + 2•42

3 + 2•42   (operations of addition, mult, and exponentiation)
   = 3 + 2•16 (do exponents first)
   = 3 + 32 (do multplication second)
   = 35 (do addition third)

 

4. Vocabulary:

We will now translate into mathematical symbols English phrases that contain complicated expressions involving the terms sum, product, difference, and quotient.

English phrase Math symbols
sum of a and b a + b
two times the sum of a and b 2(a + b)
product of p and q p · q
product of p and the sum of a and b p · (a + b)
sum of p and the product of a and b p + a · b
difference of p and the sum of a and b p - (a + b)
sum of the product of a and b and the product of c and d a · b + c · d

Ex: Translate each phrase into math symbols.

a. product of 4 and the sum of 3 and x

Answer: 4 · (3 + x)

b. difference of 4 and the sum of 3 and x

Answer: 4 - (3 + x)

c. sum of the product of 4 and 3 and the product of 2 and 5

Answer: 4 · 3 + 2 · 5

d. twice the product of 4 and x

Answer: 2 · (4 · x)

e. twice the sum of 8 and 5

2 · (8 + 5)

 
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